“Motivation: Main Key of Public Service?”

Since their first day on earth humans have been running after happiness in form of one or the other, though happiness   is something that eludes anyone who chases it, and instead, evolves out of one's actions. Such characteristic of happiness was once nicely described by Allen K. Chalmers's words – â€Å"The grand essentials of happiness are, something to do, someone to love and something to hope for.† A package of actions like that actually   brought forth the idea of motivation – the charger of mind that would keep one inspired to fulfill one's mission. To make things better, the wise humans have even created many sets of do-s and don'ts to maintain a consistent streak of motivation. Those sets have tremendous utility value to maintain balance and consistency in decision-making and action-taking. Over the years, social scientists have improvised   those sets and subset of ideas to further establish the cohesion of thought and action, the ideal approach for any individual or an institution to achieve any undertaken mission. Thus this paper focuses on some of the essential elements of organized behavior like Motivation, Goal Setting and Reward System, before coming to its own conclusion and indicating about its future implication in the field of child protective service. What is Motivation? a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior; c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. (Huitt, 2001). Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that propels humans or any other organism to act – be it for survival, or to develop, in this regard, even inaction can also be counted as the product of motivation – especially when humans engage themselves in deep thinking or meditation. Motivation is that persuasive force which the living beings cannot do without. According to modern management guru Shiv Khera (p. 112), motivation is â€Å"a drive that encourages action or feeling. Motivation can also mean igniting the spark for action. It is powerful. It can persuade, convince and propel you into action. In other words, motivation can be defined as motive for action. It is a force that can literally change your life† (Khera, 2004). The definition above might generate a few questions – if motivation is something like an automated process; why then people need to be motivated?   or, if motivation process is already active, then what is the logic behind attempting to activate it further? While it is right that motivation guides every action, yet the degree of its intensity determines the level of achievement. One easy example of that is the difference between humans and animals – while the animals' achievements are limited in leading only a fuller life, humans lead a multi-dimensional life that is packed with uncountable actions in addition to the actions for living. Thus motivation converts itself to a primitive urge to survive when it deals with basics like existence, and it works like the guiding light on aesthetics, emotional or esoteric plane of existence. According to Paul Hanna, every individual has many kind of goals spread out at various levels of his/her existence, and to achieve each of those goals s/he needs to utilize the power of mind and the force of body. In such circumstance motivation could be the only catalyst to synchronize the body and mind of that individual. Here the synchronization of body and mind covers more than the plain eye meets – where motivation enables one to heighten the intensity of emotion and passion to achieve the goal, besides helping to create clear mental pictures of the goal and the roadmap to reach there (Hanna, 2001). Now if one considers about how many instances of such goals a human has to achieve in a single day, the importance of motivation would come clear to one. Humans' world of desires is far more spread than any other creatures of earth, and therefore they need an uninterrupted supply of motivation to accomplish their missions. And what is a desire, anyway? Desire is a some kind of dream which people want to unearth through action. For that much needed action, humans need an intense urge to bring it to perfection. Motivation provides that intense urge with its persuasive force, as for example, auto-suggestion.   â€Å"In the forming of that intense urge,† Shiv Khera says, â€Å"auto-suggestion is a statement made in the present tense, of the kind of person you want to be (Khera, 2004). Motivation thus, an element which conditions a humans to achieve their cherished goals. Reason for Choosing this Topic In this era of fierce competition in every sphere of life humans need to remain motivated to perform their tasks smoothly, to block the stress and to create space for thinking about future development. This more applicable when it comes to public service or on behalf any non-profit organization, where motivation could be the only guiding force to inspire one to stick to social cause and not to opt for other services for personal gain. Therefore this topic has been chosen to spread more awareness regarding the potential of motivation and it's impact on humans. How Motivation Works Motivation creates a power-packed belief about achieving success and creates a make-believe condition where the possibility of the success seems as a reality. There are many ways to motivate the self, but the easiest way to be motivated is to repeat the belief time and again, just like hammering the idea again and again to get it registered in the subconscious mind. The reason behind such act is that, subconscious mind is considered to be a skeptic taskmaster who simply works on and on with whatever assigned to it! It is for this reason Dr. Joseph Murphy, writes in his book, ‘The Power of Your Subconscious Mind' (65), â€Å"Belief is a thought in your mind that causes the power of your subconscious to be distributed into all phases of your life.† While it is true that practice of self-motivation could be a tough task for someone initially, as it might take time to generate a belief in the abilities of the subconscious mind. Yet, the enormous potential of subconscious mind is now widely accepted and one can easily check that with the wise sayings or from the success stories of many. If motivation is something like a train raring to move out from the platform, what could be the shortest possible roadmap between the starting point and the destination? With this question one discovers the importance of   ‘Goal- Setting' a vital task for a person utilize the power of motivation. However motivated one becomes, in the absence of a roadmap, that power will be a sheer waste – as the old adage goes – an aimless life is like a rudderless ship in the sea without any fixed destination. Goal and Goal-setting Goal-setting enables one to march ahead with confidence and brings in joy and cheer through fulfilling a mission in the shortest possible time. Situations shape like that, because the process of goal-setting imbibes the sense of purpose in any action, and thereby justifies it wholeheartedly. Human life has many sets of goals bundled within one big goal like happiness or contentment – thus it can easily be understood that if one wants to achieve the main goal, one has to obtain the goals within it. But is it possible to achieve every goal of life? Certainly not. If it is so, then are the humans destined to miss the happiness? Certainly not, because it is the attitude towards accomplishing the goal that brings in satisfaction, which counts more on the devotion of one's inner beings rather than the external conditions, which might not always be conducive to achieve the goal. To clear the confusion in this regard, the sages have provided a solution, where they created a sub set of goals within the main goal of happiness, which usually covers the six areas of human life. And they are: 1. Family : To achieve harmony and prosperity. 2. Finance : To achieve source of sustenance and development and freedom of movement. 3. Physical and mental health : To achieve healthy body and a sound mind. 4. Social responsibility : To achieve good understanding with the world around by mutual exchange of good vibes and necessities. 5. Spiritual standing : To achieve the understanding about the greater world and its association with self. There are many explanations available about these areas – however, all are varied or extended interpretation of one single idea – to be happy with one's endeavor in life. Thus, it is easily understood that goal-setting is that coveted road-map or the action-plan which not only helps to achieve the goals, but also adds purpose in the actions. In other words, goal-setting is a multifarious instrument which encompasses all individual as well as collective goals, all the while acting as a helper to determine the feasibility of a goal, as well as a provider of suggestion of an alternative plan (John, 2007). Reward System Reward system is something that is based on the effect of appreciation and recognition on the humans. It caters to the emotional need of humans, which in turn motivates them. In today's world, when every people are stretched with competition the need for emotional support is being felt more than ever. â€Å"Every behavior comes out of ‘pain and gain' principle†, says Shiv Khera (p110), while emphasizing on the fact that if the pain is greater than the gain, then that would be a deterrent to smooth action. If the gain is greater than the pain, that is a motivator. (Khera, pp110) There can be many types of gains, ranging from money, vacations or gifts to medallions, or even they can be intangible too – recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, accomplishment, and belief are the examples of such gains, which comes more from selfless public service. Reward system separates the elements of motivation into two categories, external and internal. In the first category it lists items like money, societal fame, approval, or fear, while in the second, it keeps factors like â€Å"pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief†. It values the fact that inner motivation is actually the inner gratification that might not always depends on the material success – it is an innate desire to feel content with an accomplishment, rather than just achieving a goal (Khera, 2004). This is very important issue in the sphere of public service. The elements like praise, love and faith can rise anytime as the most important element of motivation under a specific environment, they can be instrumental to boost one's self esteem, or to build a strong conviction to march ahead towards one's cherished goal. Inner motivation factors are bound to be more powerful than the outer ones. CONCLUSION From the above discussion it becomes clear that motivation, goal setting and reward system together form the way towards, the ultimate goal, and all three of them are entwined and can even be flexible in their order of appearance. Primary motivation (to succeed in life) helps to goal setting – which then can check and filter the mission before breaking them into easy steps. Next, reward system inspires a person towards accomplishing the mission. However, in all its form, motivation is extremely powerful and an invaluable tool to succeed in life. It persuades, convinces and propels one into action and therefore, it is an invaluable tool to motivate oneself and others in public service or in non-profit organizations. Application of Motivation in Chosen Mission Since I'm planning to work as child protective service worker in charge of four co-workers, I can utilize the power of motivation at every level of its functioning, where goal-setting can help us in formulating our schedules in three steps – long-term, mid-term and short-term, while reward system can take clue from the history of civilization that records innumerable selfless human endeavors to achieve happiness for the society. For the greater application of motivation we would use factors like pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief in oneself, besides practicing auto-suggestion technique and covering all areas of life that one has to deal in life. This way we would keep our spirit fresh to devote ourselves in public service. A Brief Overview of How Motivation can be Applied into My Workplace References Carnegie, D. (1999). â€Å"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living†. Dale Carnegie ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Associates Inc. Hanna, P. (2001). â€Å"Believe and Achieve†. Penguin Books, 2001. Huitt, W. (2001). â€Å"Motivation to learn: An Overview†. Educational Psychology    Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 12 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html Khera, S. (2004). â€Å"You Can Win†. Macmillan India, 2004 Murphy, J. (2001). â€Å"The Power of Your Subconscious Mind†. Bantam Books, January   Ã‚   2001 â€Å"Motivation†. Retrieved 10 April 2008.   http://www.d.umn.edu/kmc/student/loon/acad/strat/motivate.html â€Å"Motivation & Leadership†. (1997). Retrieved 10 April 2008. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadmot.html â€Å"Seven Rules of Motivation†. (2000). Retrieved 11 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/ elements/seven_rules.htm Information Technology and Management. â€Å"What is Motivation?† Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://opax.swin.edu.au/~388226/howto/it2/motiv1.htm John. (2007). â€Å"Increase Self Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/21-proven-motivation-tactics/ Webb, B. (2000). â€Å"Elements of Motivation. Motivational-Tool†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/elements/ database. Weller, M. (2005). â€Å"General Principles of Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/ motivate.htm ; ; ; ; ; ;

Doe Season

Doe Season In the short story Doe season, David Kaplan creates a character named Andrea, who would rather be called Andy. Doe Season is not simply a story about a young girl’s hunting trip with her father and friends. During the few days that Andy is on the hunting trip, she takes an incredible journey trying to find out who she really is. Usually, hunting deer is an event reserved for young men and their fathers. Yet, it is through this outing that Andy experiences a rite of passage into womanhood. All through her life Andy has acknowledged herself as being able to relate to male figures and being more similar to her father than her mother.Andy is a young girl who enters the world of a boy's rite of passage to adulthood, experiences an internal journey through the group’s teasing, the killing of the doe, and the transformation of changing from Andy to Andrea. As Andy reflects on past journeys, the family trip to the beach stands out in her mind. She is very uncomfortab le with her feminine side. Unlike her mother, Andy and her father were both nervous in the ocean. Her mother swam and splashed with animal-like delight while her father smiling shyly, held his white arms above the waist-deep water as if afraid to get them wet (513).Andy associates more readily with her father. The naturalness of womanhood only makes Andy uncomfortable. After her mother’s top falls down in the ocean, Andy is embarrassed and quickly looks around to see if anyone has noticed (514). â€Å"The nipples like two dark eyes,† symbolizes Andy’s feelings that being feminine is similar to being grotesque instead of having elegant and beautiful qualities. Yet, this whole time Andy is unconcerned if anyone has noticed how foolish her father must look in the water trying to stay dry (514).In the beginning of the story, there is emphasis on the woods always remaining the same. The woods stretch inevitably and offer a sense of security and safety. Even while hun ting, the same woods lead back toward home where Andy’s mother is waiting for them. She is there and we are here, the thought satisfied Andy (511). When Mac, Charlie’s son, mentions to Andy that Canada is nearby, Andy rejects the idea. These same woods could not possibly go to a foreign country that is not part of home. Just as Andy is emerging into a new person, the woods around her are no longer the same s they were when she originally left home by the end of the journey. Both Charlie and Mac do not like, nor understand the idea that Andy is coming along on their hunting trip to the Pennsylvania countryside. Charlie continually questioning Andy’s father: Charlie Spoon was driving. â€Å"I don’t understand why she’s coming,† he said to her father. â€Å"How old is she anyway—eight? † â€Å"Nine,† her father replied. â€Å"She’s small for her age. † â€Å"So—nine. What’s the difference? Sheâ €™ll just add to the noise and get tired besides† (511). This goes to show that Charlie does not believe that girls or women should go hunting.He does not think that Andy is capable of keeping up with the men, this is very stereotypical. Culture has changed and it is now acceptable for women to go hunting and do outdoor activities. There are many women and girls who go hunting with their fathers in today’s world, but there are still men that think it’s a man’s job. Andy’s father does not see a problem with Andy going hanging with the guys. He sticks up for her every time Charlie and Mac ask why she’s coming with. When Charlie repeatedly stated that he didn’t understand why she was coming, Andy’s father says, â€Å"She can walk me to death.And she’ll bring good luck, you’ll see† (511). He is okay with Andy coming along because she wants too. He sees no difference between him and Andy going hunting than Ch arlie and Mac. Doe Season ends with Andy watching â€Å"her father’s knife sliced thickly from chest to bell to crotch† (521). When Andy’s father begins to gut the deer, Andy has an epiphany. She realizes that, no matter how much she tries, she cannot become part of the male society. She then runs away from everyone. This gesture of turning her back and fleeing from her male companions shows that she finally accepts the fact that she is different from men.The transformation within her is already complete. Then she listens to the sound of the wind which aptly reminds her of the â€Å"terrible, now inevitable sea† (521). The sea now becomes inevitable, owing to the fact the she recognizes she can no longer deny her true identity. She turns from the woods. Which suddenly became strange to her, to the calling ocean, heeding her real destiny- that of becoming a woman. Work Cited Kaplan, David Michael. Doe Season. Literature. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writ ing. EdLaurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 511-521. Print. Doe Season Doe Season In the short story Doe season, David Kaplan creates a character named Andrea, who would rather be called Andy. Doe Season is not simply a story about a young girl’s hunting trip with her father and friends. During the few days that Andy is on the hunting trip, she takes an incredible journey trying to find out who she really is. Usually, hunting deer is an event reserved for young men and their fathers. Yet, it is through this outing that Andy experiences a rite of passage into womanhood. All through her life Andy has acknowledged herself as being able to relate to male figures and being more similar to her father than her mother.Andy is a young girl who enters the world of a boy's rite of passage to adulthood, experiences an internal journey through the group’s teasing, the killing of the doe, and the transformation of changing from Andy to Andrea. As Andy reflects on past journeys, the family trip to the beach stands out in her mind. She is very uncomfortab le with her feminine side. Unlike her mother, Andy and her father were both nervous in the ocean. Her mother swam and splashed with animal-like delight while her father smiling shyly, held his white arms above the waist-deep water as if afraid to get them wet (513).Andy associates more readily with her father. The naturalness of womanhood only makes Andy uncomfortable. After her mother’s top falls down in the ocean, Andy is embarrassed and quickly looks around to see if anyone has noticed (514). â€Å"The nipples like two dark eyes,† symbolizes Andy’s feelings that being feminine is similar to being grotesque instead of having elegant and beautiful qualities. Yet, this whole time Andy is unconcerned if anyone has noticed how foolish her father must look in the water trying to stay dry (514).In the beginning of the story, there is emphasis on the woods always remaining the same. The woods stretch inevitably and offer a sense of security and safety. Even while hun ting, the same woods lead back toward home where Andy’s mother is waiting for them. She is there and we are here, the thought satisfied Andy (511). When Mac, Charlie’s son, mentions to Andy that Canada is nearby, Andy rejects the idea. These same woods could not possibly go to a foreign country that is not part of home. Just as Andy is emerging into a new person, the woods around her are no longer the same s they were when she originally left home by the end of the journey. Both Charlie and Mac do not like, nor understand the idea that Andy is coming along on their hunting trip to the Pennsylvania countryside. Charlie continually questioning Andy’s father: Charlie Spoon was driving. â€Å"I don’t understand why she’s coming,† he said to her father. â€Å"How old is she anyway—eight? † â€Å"Nine,† her father replied. â€Å"She’s small for her age. † â€Å"So—nine. What’s the difference? Sheâ €™ll just add to the noise and get tired besides† (511). This goes to show that Charlie does not believe that girls or women should go hunting.He does not think that Andy is capable of keeping up with the men, this is very stereotypical. Culture has changed and it is now acceptable for women to go hunting and do outdoor activities. There are many women and girls who go hunting with their fathers in today’s world, but there are still men that think it’s a man’s job. Andy’s father does not see a problem with Andy going hanging with the guys. He sticks up for her every time Charlie and Mac ask why she’s coming with. When Charlie repeatedly stated that he didn’t understand why she was coming, Andy’s father says, â€Å"She can walk me to death.And she’ll bring good luck, you’ll see† (511). He is okay with Andy coming along because she wants too. He sees no difference between him and Andy going hunting than Ch arlie and Mac. Doe Season ends with Andy watching â€Å"her father’s knife sliced thickly from chest to bell to crotch† (521). When Andy’s father begins to gut the deer, Andy has an epiphany. She realizes that, no matter how much she tries, she cannot become part of the male society. She then runs away from everyone. This gesture of turning her back and fleeing from her male companions shows that she finally accepts the fact that she is different from men.The transformation within her is already complete. Then she listens to the sound of the wind which aptly reminds her of the â€Å"terrible, now inevitable sea† (521). The sea now becomes inevitable, owing to the fact the she recognizes she can no longer deny her true identity. She turns from the woods. Which suddenly became strange to her, to the calling ocean, heeding her real destiny- that of becoming a woman. Work Cited Kaplan, David Michael. Doe Season. Literature. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writ ing. EdLaurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 511-521. Print.

Books and Ebooks Essay

In time of technical progress e-books are getting more popular day by day, but still most of the people prefer hard copy of books and do not support new fashion wave. Book has always been the best present for any kind of occasion, it is something that does not have an expiration date and it will always be in fashion. However, you cannot give e-book as present, of course you can send my e-mail, but you cannot put your sign and it sort of loosing meaning as a present, because you cannot touch it. On the other hand prices for e-books are lower and you can get a variety of free e-books, so everyone can enjoy literature from all of the world, but you should have special gadget to read e-books, and it is additional expanses for reading. In contrast, printed books are sort of pricy, and you cannot buy as much books as you want, as a result you are not trying to read new authors whose creations had not become bestsellers. Spending money on books is good investing, because you can collect a library and after you can leave it for next generations, as I mentioned before book is the product that does not have an expiration date. Having your library in an electronic devise it is a risky business, by reason on viruses that attacking devises every day and deleting all information from them or you can just loose an e-reader with all your book collection. Also hard copy book does not need to be charged and you can read as much as you want and wherever you want, unlike e-book is charging from electricity.

St.Paul's and St.Peter's Baroque Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

St.Paul's and St.Peter's Baroque Styles - Essay Example It is worth noting the significance of the two church buildings: St.Peter’s Basilica is the seat of the papacy, while St. Paul’s Cathedral is the Anglican’s biggest cathedral and one of the most recognizable sights in the City of London (Murray, 1970). As such, St.Peter’s Basilica reflects the Roman Catholic aspirations while St. Paul’s Cathedral is a manifestation of the Protestants’ authority. Brigg and Martin (1967) explain that in the 17th Century the Roman Catholic church fought off the encroachment by protestant reformation; The society of Jesus(Jesuits), making it their duty to defend the ways of the church against what they considered to be protestant attacks. In order to fully highlight the variations in Baroque style across Europe and with St. Paul’s and St.Peter’s as the case-studies, it is imperative to identify the design constants and unique features that identified Baroque Art and Architecture. Both Zirpolo (2008 ) and Summerson (1964) found that Baroque Architecture manifested the following salient features: (1) Use of undulating motifs in interior and exterior spaces - even columns was designed to undulate. (2) Distinctive use of vaults arches and buttresses - Churches were characterized with vaulted ceilings. (3) Flamboyant use of sculptures, statues and paintings in spaces. (4) A faà §ade characterized by a prominent dome, and an interior marked with a grand nave, and (5) Stylish exploitation of the play of light in interior spaces. It is these distinctive features. that the author will use as parameters to gauge the regional variations in the architecture of both St. Peter’s Basilica and St. Paul’s Cathedral. However, both churches have their own unique elements that might not be present in the other. For instance, St.Peter has a unique Baldachin below the dome. A major cause

International Accouting-answers 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Accouting-answers 2 - Essay Example Options on the other hand are contractual agreements where one is given a right to exchange foreign currencies at a pre-agreed rate on a specific date in future. In this case however, the buyer has an option to exercise the contract or not therefore in the event that the foreign currency depreciates, he can opt to pay at the spot rate (Hull, 2006). It is therefore clear that forward currency options are more advantageous than forward contracts in the case of ABC. The calculation of income using the historical cost model means that costs are recorded in the income statement at their historical value or the actual cost when they were incurred. This method does not consider the current market value of the item. Liabilities are therefore recorded at their actual historical cost and it is assumed that there is no change in their value (money has a constant purchasing power) (Power, 2010). The calculation of income using the current cost model on the other hand means that the liabilities and assets are measured using their current realisable or market value. In this case, the measurement of the costs is considered to be more relevant and therefore the amount of income calculated using this method is also considered to reflect the current state of affairs in the firm. It is therefore clear the current cost model provides a more accurate calculation of income since the costs are measured at fair value (Laux & Leuz, 2009). Translation of financial statements prepared in a foreign currency is a critical part of financial reporting in that it allows for foreign investors to understand the financial statements in terms of the principles used in the preparation as well as the figures in terms of the local currency. An investor will therefore be able to make their decisions based on the specific valuations of the company in their local currency while in a case where they are not translated; an investor may not know which foreign

Ted Kaczynski Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ted Kaczynski - Essay Example The terrorist acts committed by the terrorist known as the Unabomber were exclusively bombs that were very specifically targeted. The bombs were delivered in the form of letters or packages that were designed to detonate upon opening. His targets usually had some connection to technology, and many of them were connected to a university. The Unabomber is blamed for 16 separate incidents that spanned 17 years and included three fatalities. The Unabomber's knowledge of technology, and his activity as a loner, made his identification and capture more difficult. In fact, he was not identified until the FBI gained the cooperation of his brother David Kaczynski (Chase, 2003, p.21). Kaczynski had been a child that was prone to violence, and refused to play with other children, and had significant mental disorders prior to arriving at Harvard. He had an exceptional IQ and was accepted at Harvard at the age of sixteen. At Harvard he was introduced to radical ideas about the evils of technology, the dualistic nature of good and evil, and a belief that he "could find absolute truth through the application of his own reason" (Chase, 2003, p.19). In addition, he would be introduced to radical thinkers and philosophers that would help him focus on his fantasies of revenge. He was also the subject of a lengthy, and controversial, psychological experiment, which may have exacerbated Kaczynski's emotional problems. A psychological experiment by Henry A. Murray tested Kaczynski's psychological response while subjected to extreme stress and abuse. While little is known about the depth of these experiments, Chase (2003) feels that it may have contributed to Kaczynski's ment al problems. 4.) What are the views of Jacques Ellul and how did they influence Kaczynski Jacques Ellul was a French protestant philosopher and lay theologian that had written a book titled The Technological Society (Chase, 2003, p.92). Ellul was a Luddite, who believed that technology was evil and that citizens should actively attempt to eliminate it from society. Kaczynski regularly communicated with Ellul and would adopt several ideas from Ellul's book. He would later incorporate several of Ellul's radical concepts into the Unabomber Manifesto. The Technological Society advocated the "efficacy of revolution" and that "technology and the state were coeval and mutually dependent" (Chase, 2003, p.92-93). While Ellul would renounce much of The Technological Society in his later writings, Kaczynski would cling to them until the end. 5.) Summarize Kaczynski's time as a UC Berkeley professor To what degree did Kaczynski identify with the political leftists on campus Why did Kaczynski leave his position at Berkeley In 1967, Kaczynski joined the faculty at UC Berkeley and at about the same time he became more alienated and isolated. It was during this period that he moved to the Northwest, fled academia, and began building

Other Financial Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Other Financial Management Techniques - Essay Example The implementation of wrong performance measures would mean that the management has not allocated balanced weight-ages to all these four areas of organizational goals in order to link it to the compensation structure of the employees. The tying of wrong performance measures to the compensation of the employees would mean that it has the likelihood of giving rise to unethical behaviour among the workers and the employees in the manufacturing plants (Tonchia and  Quagini, 2010). The examples of wrong performance being tied to compensation include the aspects in which the performance of the employees is linked only with the volume of output with ignorance in the quality of the finished products being produced by the companies. The management often pays more attention to the volume of output and overlooks the quality of the product being offered in the market. Thus linking the compensation structure with such performance measure could lead the employees to adopt short-cut procedures in the process of manufacturing. This would give rise to unethical behaviour among the employees and they would engage in work activities that would allow them to produce more products in the manufacturing process. The concentration solely towards the volume of output may lead to procurement of high amount of raw materials and inventory but the service level of the workers may suffer. This has been shown by the graph given below. The companies may not track important and quality contribution of the employees and may not give reward such activities of the workers are example of wrong performance measures being linked to compensation. This would lead to the decline of the quality of the work in the production unit and unethical behaviours may surface where the employees would be driven to get incentive without meeting the requirements of product quality, service level to the customers, etc. It would also lead to unethical behaviours of performing in such a way that fulfils the short ter m interests of the employees to get more compensation but compromises on the goals of the organization in terms of meeting the quantity and quality level for several business contracts. Steps of EEC: avoidance of unethical behaviour The Eddison Electronics Company (EEC) is required to active steps for avoiding unethical behaviour in the manufacturing units that produces several electronic items. In order to avoid unethical behaviour, EEC would be required to link the compensation of the employees with the right performance measurement measures. In order to do this, EEC would need to assess the short term and long term goals of the company and the deadlines to be met in terms of the contracts to be delivered over the period of time. This would enable EEC to understand the exact requirement from their workforce or the output required from the workforce in terms of both volume of the output and the quality of service to their customers. EEC would need to link the compensation of the wo rkforce with the various areas like financial targets of the company, customer service to be delivered, the internal benchmarks of product innovation, quality and steps to maintain high service level for the customers and the initiatives to be taken to maintain a culture for the growth of

What statistical measures should be used to assess the commercial Assignment

What statistical measures should be used to assess the commercial viability of an organisational website What would these measures show, and what would they not show - Assignment Example Therefore, commercial viability of an organization can be gauged by examining the performance of its commercial website. Performance of an organization’s website can be checked in terms of legal, technical, and marketing viabilities. According to Clark (2013), examining a website’s operational viability should be free from subjective analysis. In order to foster objectivity, analysis on a website’s viability is conducted though statistical measures. Common statistical measures applied in measuring website’s commercial viability include; central tendency measures like mean, dispersion measures like standard deviation, and linear correlation measures like Pearson correlation coefficients. Website’s viability can be ascertained by acknowledging the number of visitors viewing an organization’s web page. A high number of visitors signify increased attraction of website contents on potential customers. Contrarily, low number of visitors indicates lack of attractiveness by an organization’s website. Monitoring the number of visitors on a daily basis is not only time consuming but also monotonous. Therefore, central tendency measure of arithmetic mean can be used to determine the average number of a website’s visitors over a finite period. Perry (2006) mentioned that arithmetic mean is a representative measure which provides an overview description of a data set distribution. Unlike other measures of central tendency like mode and median, arithmetic mean summarizes behavior of a data set in a representative manner. Measuring website’s viability using mean provides an inference about the average number of persons visiting a web page. Contrarily, use of arithmetic means in statistical analysis has demerits. Arithmetic mean does not describe any relationship between multiple variables that influence the number of visitors entering a website. Undeniably, a central tendency

Political Economy of the European Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Political Economy of the European Union - Essay Example states, assuring the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfreedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital’.  It preserves a common trade policy,  agricultural and  fisheries  policies,  and a regional development policy.  Fifteen member states have implemented a common currency, the  euro. It has build up a role in  foreign policy, and represents its members in the  World Trade Organization, at  G8  summits and at the  United Nations. Twenty-one EU nations are part of  NATO. It has also taken up a responsibility in justice and home affairs, which includes the elimination of passport control between many member nations under the  Schengen Agreement. (Alan, 2007) The EU functions through a hybrid mechanism of  intergovernmentalism  and  supranationalism. In particular areas it relies on agreement among the member states. However, it also possesses supranational bodies, thus is competent to make judgments without agreement between each and every national governments. Among the prominent institutions and bodies of the EU are the  European Commission, the  European Parliament, the  Council of the European Union, the  European Council, the  European Court of Justice,  and the  European Central Bank. In every five years, the Parliament is elected by the EU citizens. Origins of the EU go back to the formation of the  European Coal and Steel Community,  formed among six countries in 1951 and the  Treaty of Rome  in 1957. Thereafter the EU has expanded in size via accession of new associate states, and in authority by adding new policy areas to its remit. (Richard, 2006) Subsequent to the  Second World War, efforts made towards European integration were viewed as a get away approach from the intense forms of nationalism, which had ravaged the continent.  The  formation of the European Coal and Steel Community was among one such attempt to bring together Europeans. While having the unassuming aim of federal control of the formerly national coal and steel industries of its member nations, it

Text and tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Text and tradition - Essay Example Socrates objects, pointing to existence of various Gods and, as a result, different ways of pleasing them; there is a logical contradiction when one the same action can be represented at the same time pious and improper: Later Euthyphro modifies definition by saying that pious is something that causes unanimously positive reaction in all Gods without exception (and vice versa). Socrates in reply formulates "Euthyphro`s dilemma": the act is pious because it is dear to Gods or it is dear to Gods because it is pious in nature? â€Å"And a thing is not seen because it is visible, but conversely, visible because it is seen; nor is a thing led because it is in the state of being led, or carried because it is in the state of being carried, but the converse of this. And now I think, Euthyphro, that my meaning will be intelligible; and my meaning is, that any state of action or passion implies previous action or passion" Socrates offers his own variant of the definition combining piety with justice. However, reflections on this concept, make the interlocutors reject such definition because all pious is fair, thus not all fair is pious. Attempt to specify the concept of justice leads Socrates and Euthyphro to the thought that justice involves interaction with Gods in this or that sense. Euthyphro formulates the definition according to which piety is intervened with sacrificing and praying. However, both interlocutors agree that sacrificing is reasonable in case when someone needs gifts while Gods cannot require anything, and, therefore, the acts of praying and sacrificing do not make sense and cannot solely characterize piety. On the contrary these acts remind trade. As a result Socrates and Euthyphro return to the thought that piety is a gratification to God. The general sense of "Euthyphro" is clear. It is correct that piety is a gratification to Gods but it is not exact. It is also correct that piety is an aspiration to justice but it is not precise as well.

Old Peoples Home or Their Own Homes Essay Example for Free

Old Peoples Home or Their Own Homes Essay Health care service has become popular in our modern society. In some developed countries, the old come to live in old peoples home with nursing services which are partly paid by the government. However, in my opinion, elderly people should live in their own homes. Firstly, elderly people are offered better care when living at home. As a family only looks after one or two elderly people, other members can immediately satisfy their needs. Moreover, their children understand old people’s habits, so they can easily give the most suitable care. In contrast, in old peoples homes, there are many old people while the number of nurses is limited. Therefore, they cannot get good care instantly. Additionally, many nurses only care for the old to earn their livings, so they are probably less enthusiastic than old people’s family. Secondly, the old usually consider family as a good environment motivating them to live happily. They can enjoy the cozy atmosphere when having meals with their family or playing with their grandchildren. Witnessing their children’s success and grandchildren’s maturity always gives them a great sense of self-fulfillment. On the other hand, living in old people homes, they cannot usually meet their family. They probably feel isolated, which affects their health badly. Some people may argue that nurses specialize in giving health care to elderly people. Therefore, they can play the role of caregivers more professionally than old people’s family. However, what old people really need is not only good care but also a happy atmosphere of family with their relatives surrounding them everyday. Therefore, family is definitely a better place for elderly people. In general, family should be responsible for taking care of old people. By doing this, young people do not only help the old enjoy their lives but also express their respect and gratitude to their elderly

Dreams as Narrative Pullers Essay Example for Free

Dreams as Narrative Pullers Essay Eminent film makers have used many of the unreciprocated phenomena’s of human life as a device to construct their quality narratives. Buddhaded Dasgupta’s use of dreams (rather than dreaming sequences) as a device to pull off his narratives need a special mention , for its holding power of the central premises and establishing lucid presentations, also making the distinction between manifestations and reality. An analysis of his placement of dreams to the central characters also gives us a picture of how effectively he uses it as a metaphor of emerging culture and human conditions as a whole. The present article is an exploration of how the diverse characters of Dasgupta’s films- ‘Mondo Meyer Upakhyan’ and ‘Kalpurush’ are loaded with pivotal dreams that force them to jump out of their existential problems, thereby acting as able narrative pullers. ( Sudheer S Salam, Lecturer, Dept. of Mass Communication and Journalism , University of kerala) See more: how to start a narrative essay There are hundreds of studies on dreams and their purposes to mankind. While some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, many others believe that it is essential to dream for a proper mental, emotional and physical well being. Freud was fond of repeating that dreams provide a royal road to the unconscious activities of the mind. In his masterpiece, The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud makes consistent use of the metaphor of a journey. Sigmund Freud’s theory of dreams suggested that dreams were a representation of unconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic view of personality, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. (Freud,2000) While this theory suggests that dreams are the result of internally generated signals, Hobson(1999) does not believe that dreams are meaningless. Instead, he suggests that dreaming is †¦our most creative conscious state, one in which the chaotic, spontaneous recombination of cognitive elements produces novel configurations of information: new ideas. While many or even most of these ideas may be nonsensical, if even a few of its fanciful products are truly useful, our dream time will not have been wasted† Ernest Hoffman, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at Newton Wellesley Hospital in Boston, Mass., suggests that a possible (though certainly not proven) function of a dream is to be weaving new material into the memory system in a way that both reduces emotional arousal and is adaptive in helping us cope with further trauma or stressful events.(Hartman, 2006) Though the discourse over the actuality of dreams is yet to find proper resolve, they are made use of and interpreted in multitude of ways in various art forms propagated by humans. Filmmakers use dreams as essential helping points in their narration of their plot. Narrative is such a way of comprehending space, time, and causality. Since in film there are at least two important frames of reference for understanding space, time, and causality, narrative in film is the principle by which data is converted from the frame of the screen into a diegesis a world that frames a particular story, or sequence of action, in that world; equally, it is the principle by which data is converted from story onto screen (Branigan, 1992) Dreams often can be used to mislead the audience by making them believe that some events are actually taking place but in reality are only dreams. The films often illustrates in dramatic fashion that our dream environments (composed of, say, buildings, natural scenes, or fantastical landscapes) are all creations of our brain, somehow. Some of these creations are as enchanting as a science fiction film by Lucas or as dramatic as a tragedy by Coppola. In our dream world, we do not consider such landscapes and other creations to be self-generated, though of course both the dream setting and the image of ourselves within the setting are fabricated by the same brain. Other components of the dream world, such as decisions, preferences, and action selection can be construed as self-generated. Aspects of these self-generated processes resemble those of waking life: Deciding which alley to run down when escaping a foe is a similar deliberation in a dream or in waking life. (Morsella, 2010) By expressing a life problem metaphorically, the dream impels the individual toward his goal (often an unsocial goal) with increased emotional power. For illustration, the writer interprets dreams of falling, flying, paralysis, examinations, and other common dreams. The dreamer, self-deceived, does not recognize the purpose of his own metaphor. When he does, dreams have no further danger for him. The more courageously and realistically one meets the problems of life, the less one dreams, but absence of dreams may also be due to lack of imagination (Alder, 1936) Many film makers around the world has used dreams as a device to pull on the narratives and built on it. Budhadeb DasGupta, one of the most renowned filmmaker of India is one who presents dreams as a narrative device to hold the movie and to ‘pull’ the narrative through a chain of events. His two recent surrealistic films ‘Mondo Meyer Upakyan’ (Life at the Throw of a Dice) and ‘Kaalpurush’(Memories in the mist) which also won the highest accolades of India, the National awards for best films, rightly exemplify how this technique can be wisely used by the filmmakers of caliber, extraordinary. In all of his films, the poetic notion of dream has a prominence, rarely if ever to be found in the political or social film. Every character are planted with a definite dream, much varied from their immediate materialistic circumstances, one which is quite difficult to attain, the struggle for which propel the entire plot to a more phantasmagoric finale. The moon landing to flare up child dreams ‘ Mondo meyer Upakhyan’(2002) tells about the fourteen year old Lati’s pursuit for liberation from a type of life that has been programmed for her by her mother Rajani, the mistress of unfashionable brothel. Rajani on the other hand is not wicked or ruthless as you expect of her. She is but is trying to give her daughter a better living status than that of any usual whore residing in the brothel. She locates a wealthy middle-aged man named Natabar Paladhi, who finds it the most lovable hobby to watch pornographic films in his own theatre. Paladhi is also hoping to take the adolescent Lati as his mistress, along with her mother in a house that has been built especially for her. The girl is but disgusted at the options of a life offered to her where she is remain as a plaything of a man who is more than four times her age. She is more focused on her own ambition of pursuing her education than to approve such an agreement. However, Rajani has already taken Lati out of her school as a first step in preparing her for the new career. But Lati tries to keep in contact with her learning exercises with the help of her young friend Shibu and the teacher Nagen whom she greatly admires. Her desperate attempts to learn, finally forces her to renounce a life of prostitution and to run away to Calcutta with her teacher who has been promoted to a school there. The most interesting aspect of the movie is its narrative technique where Lati’s story is narrated parallel to the man’s attempt to land on moon and finally her liberation from the village and the brothel is interestingly placed on the same day as the man’s first moon landing. In two of the subplots of the movie are three young prostitutes who are also seeking to break free from a profession that binds them in thraldom, and an infirm elderly couple who are forced to be on Ganesh’s Jeep (driver of Paladhi), travelling around hidden in its dickie to find a hospital. It is more than a poetic connotation to say that for Lati’s dreaming of being in Calcutta for pursuing her education from a distant, isolated village is more like what had been the dream of being in moon to Neil Armstrong and the entire mankind. It even seems further away and harder to get into Calcutta than the moon landing itself. Also depicted are the other moons to be reached for by the other characters on screen, such as the promotion in Calcutta to which the country School master is headed. Interestingly, in the entire film, the school teacher of Lati is shown always in a bicycle travelling across frames, but never is he shown teaching in some school. The three young prostitutes is the movie realize of their ‘ moons’ only in the finale of the narratives- the desire of ultimate freedom from exploitation where there is reciprocal love and wholesome satisfaction. The entire characters in the movie, except Lati and Rejani does not seem to have solid ideas of how to reach their moons (dreams) and the journey to it’s fulfilment is likely to be as subjected to probabilities and chances, as the elderly couple finally settle down in excitement and fulfilment with the play of ludo rather than looking for proper medication. They were traveling far and wide hiding in the jeep in the dreams of locating a distant hospital, the possibility of which is mentioned intermittently but never ever shown. But it seems that the entire travelling for days, the rarest of the things that may have happened in their life, has transformed them from ailing seniors at decrepitude to young minds who could even enjoy the childish games. Whether they are ultimately successful or not is of no interest; what matters is that they from their adverse conditions are human enough to dream and courageous enough to realize their fulfilment and their dreams in a Ludo board. The sphere of acquisitiveness and venality that is Rajani’s moon depends entirely on others for its attainment. It can be reached only if circumstance out of her dreams can change, but Lati’s journey to her moon is clearly determined. (Hood,2005) Perhaps Nadaber Paladi enriched in his world of fantasy and drowsiness is altogether unaware of his definite moon and so is comfortable, remaining in his cinema hall repeatedly dosing in front of the pornographic loop, which doesn’t in fact bore him even after repeated views, and in him the filmmaker suggests the possibilities of a subtle moon(dream) which goes satisfied with his repeated vision of the same stuff. Nevertheless, the capriciousness of the world in which Dasgupta has placed this young girl, Lati, is hardly minimized by the execution of her intention, for the most prominent determinant in this film is chance. Film advances the idea that maybe life does progress by chance as though it is determined by the throw of a dice. The importance of chance as a determinant in the life is determined in a number of ways, across all the characters in the movie. Mystic memories around an American dream Kalpurush’ is all about the life of Sumanto, a selfless and generous government servant, who eventually wins over the grim circumstances of his life. Belittled professionally and betrayed in his marriage and treated as a figure of ridicule by almost all he meets in life, Sumanto but make adjustments to life suprisingly different from the regular ones.(Mehta,2008) The movie opens in a tram at night with Sumanto and Ashwini seated on different chairs. And when the tram comes to a stop, Sumanto gets down followed by Ashwini down the deserted lanes of this para city. Ashwini begins to narrate the story where we understands that Sumanto is his son and that he has yet to tell him a lot. An element of suspense creeps in as the audience is left in doubt whether Ashwini is real or apparitional. The narrative, almost immediately, jump-cuts to a rugged village where Ashwini is seen talking to his wife Putul, under a leafless tree that has gathered the twilight grey. Ashwini tells her about his meeting with their son and asks about how she is keeping these days. Ashwini’s conversation with Putul gives us a feeling of dejavu: they seem to have met after a separation of a few days, or a few days, or may be a few months. The suspense deepens as the narrative leaps back to Sumanto’s routine life of a plain and honest Govt. employee married to a school teacher, Supriya -a visibly irritable lady without any respect for Sumanto, who she believes, epitomizes failure. She converses with her lover over the land phone, evenwhile Sumanto is in the vicinity. It is, however, not made clear whether she is aware of Sumanto’s presence or she underestimates him so much that she does not care whether he is in-the-know or ignorant of her extra-marital liaison. If honesty defines Sumanto’s basic nature, a loveless world around forces him into worshipping human bonds. He appears naà ¯ve and open up to his father Ashwini about how his eyes were up tears as he sees someone wiping the tears off the cheeks of someone else. Very submissive and docile, he almost makes a fool of himself as he admiringly gazes at a couple making love in the public park, and even surprises the television news reader whom he mets on street by asking him immature questions about the business of news reporting. Even when Supriya almost blandly tells him that he is not the father of his children, he hardly reacts and never let this information dwindle his love for the two kids. We are often made to think that Sumanto has already known about this information, which has no effect on his equation with them. Sumanto appear irritable and upright while he upset the hierarchy by not penning a favorable inspection report to support one of the business men. Making his unconventionality, a mode of rebellion, he with a greedy and cruel world around is shown with a penchant for connecting with love. This aspect of his character recalls the network of electric cables with which the film open, this network metaphorically signifies the importance of human bonding. The sequential convergence of two separate historically and personally relevant time periods of Sumanto and Ashwini also helps Dasgupta to reveal Sumanto’s and Ashwini’s behavioral pattern of anonymous affairs, emotional isolation, and inner chaos, paralleling their self-destructive behavior with the national crisis of identity, and cultural disconnection. There are two dreams that act as the primary determinants of the narrative routes of ‘Kalpurush’. The first is Supriya’s obsession with â€Å"America’ –a land to which her longing is so much intense that she hardly recognizes the routine bests available around her, including Sumanto or her kids. From the opening reels Supriya is obsessed with her impending two-month sojourn in the United States at her brother’s. And towards the end, Supriya is shown to have reached her dream winning a prize to be in her dreamland.(Mehta, 2008) The second dream is a fallen one, about Kusumpur, the imaginative land which Ashwini looks for all his life. Nobody knows the geographical location of this land, suggested as an impossible knowledge. Placing diametrically opposite to Supriya’s realization of her America, the Kusumpur(s) of the mind, appear as a Utopian destination which means different things to different people. As in Das Gupta’s earlier movie Uttara, where a group of illiterate, underfed, haggard old men embarks on a journey by foot to America, the land where nobody starves, here Kusumpur is Ashwini’s America, the land of overabundance, prosperity and nourishment. This highly politicized representation of America as the dreamland, the land of wish-fulfilment, projected so in every popular discourse of an average Indian has etched upon the collective unconscious of the masses, especially of the Third World. Therefore, Supriya, a mundane school teacher almost goes berserk as the invitation of his brother to spend a couple of months in the States. She urges Sumanto to buy her every possible Bengali book available on America. The titles available, to Sumanto’s astonishment, are countless, and underscore the authors’ sycophantic reverence for the country. While Supriya revels in the golden opportunity of flying to this dreamland, which also becomes her Kusumpur, the regional television channel airs news about America’s imperialistic designs almost unemotionally. Only once, does the newsreader lose control and intersperse the news with unspeakable abuses, giving expression to his anger directed to â€Å"butcherng† America. However, all this happens is Sumanto’s imagination/dream, the newsreader’s outrage actually a projection of his feeling. The ‘Other’ as hero Simple, concrete and pictorial images of the poet turned filmmaker in DasGupta, is affected with an economy of language. The presentation of image and idea bears meticulous attention to an appropriate relationship with form; and the piece has a clear integrity which accommodates the emotions as much as the intellect. (Hood, 2005) His Naxalite sympathizing and hope for a class –less equi focal world has created a notion of ‘distance’ in his films, with its ramifications of detachment, alienation and remoteness governed by a poetic perspective. This might be the reason for the formulation of a distanced ‘Other’ that is often the ultimate destination and hoped for in all his movies. Moving close to the setup of neo-sociopolitical and moral binaries America/ the rest of the world, city/country, cinema/other forms of popular art, dishonesty/honesty, so on and so forth, DasGupta’s films offer a lot of codes that stands apart for its placement of oppo sites. (Hood,2005) In ‘Mondo Meyer Upakhyan’, Calcutta with its immaculate freedom, wisdom and knowledge is set as a binary to the isolated brothel housing Lati and Rajani, with hardly any freedom or space for learning. And ultimately, the schoolmaster Nagen is destined to join the ‘other’ with the ever aspiring strong willed Lati, who seems like wrongly placed in the opposite part of the esteemed elements. Even as Neil Armstrong finally clinches his long chased moon, his one of the binary here is the jeep and its driver Ganesh who transverse through isolated unending landscapes, seeking to look for what is not to be found (this case, a hospital).The three young prostitutes, who long for an escape from their life of deceit and humiliation in the brothel is looking for an other possibility of a life without men.(Mehta, 2008) Honest and idealistic, with his root firm on a craggy village with its share of mythological ballads and myths, the protagonist of Kalpurush seldom shows any inclination to America, which his wife finds as the best of the world’s that she can accomplish. That’s enough reason to look upon him as the ‘Other’ . Another similar reference is of an ideal ‘Kusumpur’ a place long ago and far away, which beckons us when life’s complexities beckons us to return to nature’s solidities, the perfect other space than the couple’s, contrasting life . But by Ashwini’s mention about this place that cannot be travelled, DasGupta also cites that life is not that full and perfect, even in the most idealistic ‘Kusumpur ‘or in ‘America’. Dasgupta also travels an ‘Other’ in a typical Bengali folk art ‘Jatra’ with its share of heavy emotions, glittering costumes, and loud make-up, which for ms the central to the narrative of ‘Kalpurush , even while dealing through the most dazzling and powerful of the modern media – cinema. In both these movies the maverick filmmaker seems to have shown his affinity to deficient and entirely unattainable conundrums of our romantic social structures, that is the family. At the risk of generalization, it may be said that DasGupta’ attempts to establish counter-hegemony of the ‘Other’ of complete, well served families with the placement of incomplete fundamental social group in its settings through his films. In fact, DasGupta seems to be looking on for very prosaic conceptualization of ‘concept of lack’. This ‘lack’ is their in Mondo Meyer Upakhyan, as Lati is presented with a mother, but not a father. And Shibu, the child of washerman is presented with a father, but not a mother. Natabar Paladhi makes mention of his wife and family, but is never shown one. There is no reference to the family life of Ganesh or Nakul or Nagen. The old couple is rejected by their larger family and is left now in the mindset of venturing children. Similar is the fate of the inmates of the brothel, whose ‘lack’ is infuriated with every one night stands. In ‘Kaalpurush’, Sumanto is not dissatisfied or regretful with his fate of being alone with adopted children, after his wife walks out of his life. Supriya is more than happy to lead a life with avarice and materialism, even lonely, but in America. Putul and Ashwini’s women friend working with Jatra is also shown isolated and trauma- filled for their existance. Dr.Ashwini continues with his work after being left out of his wife and is attempted to be killed by his son, but in his later spiritual talks ,express his nostalgia for a life that he put an end to without knowing its value. And this remains the only point where Dasgupta constructs the values of form of their relationship more than the relationship itself. However, such an observation is also subject to debate. In the ultimate analysis, what one sees in a Dasgupta movies are welcome minimalism and ordinary individuals with mostly unattainable dreams, shorn of weird dramatization, so regular in Indian cinem a. References Adler, A.(1936) On the interpretation of dreams. Int. J. Indiv. Psychol., 2, 3-16. Branigan, Edward (1992): Narrative Comprehension and the Fiction Film. London: Routledge Ezequiel Morsella (2010), On the Film Inception: Observations about Dreams and in Dreams , Published on July 29, 2010 Freud,S.(1900) The Interpretation of Dreams, Hartman, E. (2006). Why do we dream? Scientific American. Hobson, J. A. (1999). Consciousness. New York: Scientific American Library. Hood, John.W, (2005) The Films of Buddhadeb Dasgupta, Delhi: Orient Longman. Mehta,Anita(2008), On Times that pass and men who live in them, Osian Cinemaya, Vol.1,No 3. Monaco, James(2007) How to read a film: the world of movies, media and multimedia, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Scientific Management Approach by Frederick W. Taylor

Scientific Management Approach by Frederick W. Taylor Scientific management approach was developed by Frederick W. Taylor in the late 19th century. This management approach can be defined as a scientific study done on the work methods aimed at improving the efficiency of the workers in order to achieve simplification, specialization, standardization and the overall efficiency in the organization. The approach further aimed at increasing productivity through mutual trust between the workers and the management. Through this, Taylor aimed at improving the level of trust with level of productivity improvement going to the workers. He also aimed at eliminating at eliminating anxiety and physical stress through training the workers and getting rid of the traditional boss concept (Anderson, 1988). In report, principles of scientific management approach are discussed. The relevance of the approach in the modern business world is highlighted with specific examples of its appropriateness and influence given To achieve this, Taylor developed four principles of scientific management approach that uniquely identifies it. The first principle is that uses science and not the rule of the thumb old rules. The principle further argues that the old rules of the thumb be further supported by scientific approaches to ones work. Scientific selection of workers is the second principle. The principle states that members to the organization should be selected according to some analysis. The y should then be taught, trained and developed (Anderson, 1988). The third principle is the management and labor corporation. Rather than managing conflicts, the management should collaborate with the members of the organization. This corporation makes it possible for the work to be done in such a in accordance to the set scientific principles. Scientific training of workers is the fourth principle. The principle points out that worker should be trained by experts based on scientific methods. Relating this to the modern business world, it is evident how Taylors ideas have influenced and still shape the business environment. On the first principle, the laws and scientific principles have replaced the traditional methods that are old fashioned. This is seen in factory automation where tasks performed by workers are optimized using scientific methods and approaches with the aim of increasing productivity and being able to get optimal results. The most production lines are largely determined by the mechanical approaches chosen but have always been improved using emerging scientific methods (Albrecht, 1983). The quality of the product has been improved by uses of scientific methods like ISO quality standards. In New Zealand for instance the use of ISO 9001 is a relevant example of a situation where the quality of the product is assured by the set work tasks. This management tool has been used widely to improve the quality of the products by most organizations in New Zealand. The tool proves to reduce waste, customer returns and rework. In the long run the end result is that efficiency is achieved. The second principle of scientific selection of workers has widely been used in the modern business environment. The principle is deemed as the most relevant one today as most organizations endeavor to hire the right person for to various positions. One common example where this scientific principle is the use of psychologists to conduct interviews in order to determine the use the suitability of an applicant to take up certain position. Use of business training programme and training Curve in New Zealand is an example of how science has been used to perform in selecting the right persons to undertake various tasks. Bringing together the trained worker and the science in order to offer opportunities for expression of employees need and better treatment is illustrated by the third principle in scientific management. The concept is evident today in the form of human relations. Problems related to human relations have however not been seen as been advocated by scientific management but according to (Gilbreth, 1914) scientific management has been beneficial to productivity. Most managers try to maintain safe and healthy workforce in order to improve their productivity. This has lead to the coming up of legislations such as the safe and Healthy in Employment Act of 1992 in New Zealand. The legislation is aimed at ensuring employees are happy and work in safe environment. The last principle emphasizes the need for distinguishing the roles played by each group in an organization. This is done by dividing the work in the organization into two large components. These are the one for the management and workers. This division gives the management higher responsibility than the workers as the functions of the management is further by fostering the importance and need for the management to exercise the for management functions effectively. These functions include but not limited to planning, organizing, controlling and leading. This are the major functions of management that do are fundamental without which the textbooks on management would not exist. (Boone, Bowden, 1987) argues that, going beyond the four principles of scientific management, the approach has proven to be vital in the development of contemporary business. It also remained relevant. Businesses in the technology industry have had their quality and efficiency improves like in the case Group technologies in Australia where the quality of their products have been improved with the use of specification and standardization process as well as the using production control. This concept of group technologies was introduced by Taylor in 1919 and is used even in todays factory automation. The concept has worked well especially in situations where thousands of parts are designed and classified. Most manufacturing plants today use group technology which it small and more flexible plants. An example of such plants is the Vertex pacific. This a plastic manufacturing company in New Zealand that has factories all over the country. The machine forming the plastic in each plant is flexible hence able to change the product its manufacturing within a very short time. This has enabled the efficiencies of group technology to be realized as they reduce the number of tools required. The process is however standardized by having the machines together in close proximity and production control (Hough White, 2001). The scientific management is old relevant in the modern business has it has shaped the practices in the modern accounting. The management method is exceptionally derived from the classical management that was practiced in the early days. This is where only the derivations were reported to the management. This is a common phenomenon in the modern accounting system where if budgets are overrun the accountants can notice and be able to inform their relevant higher management. Continuous improvement in the performance of the workers and improved efficiency is always attributed to improved quality management. All this are valued as the goals of the scientific management. However it is argued that securing harder works by the workers is necessary. According to (Hough White, 2001), though history has always considered scientific management as being narrow minded, it has always failed to point out the human elements in an organization that have more often been the cause of the problem. Human element has been an important part of the scientific management. This is the work length. Taylor has always advocated shortening of the working hour in order improve efficiency and productivity. This is evident in the recent years where organizations are shifting away from the traditional working eight hours in the office to working from home, selection of working hour and the increasing the availability of communication systems hence changing the contemporary business environment. To further the idea of scientific management being relevant in the modern world of business, Parker Lewis (1995) state that business environment in the modern day is similar to the early days scientific management. Service and product diversification, corporate mergers, intense competition, technological changes, pre-occupation and national economic recessions are examples of how the system has remained the same. This reason as to why scientific management approach can still be used today. Streamlining of business systems existing in two or more merged companies can be done by use of scientific analysis. Increasing the productivity of an organization in times of recessions and compete well in a competitive business environment are some of the valuable thing that can only be achieved with use of the scientific management. An example of this is the application of management theories and practices in a global setting based on the scientific management in the rebuilding of many businesses after the destruction of the Twin Towers in New York which caused a major negative impact on the tourism sector in most parts of the world. Its world noting that this Taylors work has faced some criticism. Perroni Wrege (2001) argue that Taylor was inconsistent in his pig-iron handling experiments as has data was consistent .They therefore concluded that his pig-tale used to illustrate the scientific management approach was morally unacceptable. They suggested the message was more important than the accuracy that Taylor shown in has research. It would unjust however for managers to discredit scientific management approach on this basis ignoring the possibilities that scientific management can offer increased productivity and efficiency. Hough White (2001) showed how the current disciplines like operations management, systems reengineering and work designs use many aspects in Taylors work. In conclusion it is imperative to say that scientific management has contributed immensely to the successful management in the current business world worldwide. The ideas propagated by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th century and early 20th century still have a place in the modern day management thinking. Its therefore advisable every manager regardless of the position one hold to embrace scientific management and use it carefully bearing in mind it is limited to the mechanistic organization. It is also possible to make improvements by carefully learning the work processes, designing and implementing relevant changes. This is however possible when considered in a holistic of the organization (Albrecht, 1983).

Explorations of Childhood and Duty in “The Chimney Sweeper” and “Casab

Although Blake wrote â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† featured in Songs of Innocence before Felicia Hemans was ever born, issues relevant to first-generation Romantic authors still pervaded the literary scene when second-generation authors like Hemans finally took the stage. â€Å"Casabianca,† published in 1826, and â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† published in 1789, both address a central question: What does it mean to be a child? Both poems examine the duties that children have to society as a whole. While there is an overriding sense of an allegiance to duty in both poems, the poems’ situational irony complicates the relationship between children and responsibility. The final line of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† best demonstrates this complicated relationship. The speaker of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† concludes by saying, â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (24). However, we as readers have reason to question the validit y of the speaker’s promise since the poem seems to suggest that relief from hardship only comes through death. Through their language, choice of perspective, situational irony, and other features, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† and â€Å"Casabianca† grapple with the notion of childhood in order to clarify the complicated relationship between children and duty in society. The poems’ structures appeal to the youth around whom they centered. Each poem has end-rhyming quatrains, which create a nursery rhymesque feel. Both poems have a more or less regular rhythm, which adds to the happy feeling created by the rhyme. However, it is a common occurrence for the heavy content to contrast with the poems’ structure. In order to better understand both poems, it is important to examine why the authors would have chosen to use a structure that contr... ... fair to say that both poems are proponents of both duty and childhood because of their youthful structure and irony. However, each poem is more heavily weighted towards one allegiance or another. Hemans does show remorse for Casabianca’s untimely death, but her choice to present the story from the third person perspective proves that her allegiance is more towards the fulfillment of duty to family and country than the fulfillment of childhood. On the contrary, Blake’s choice to give his child character a first person voice empowers his protagonist and supports the idea that Blake was a bigger proponent of childhood than of duty. Both poems reveal the complicated nature of this issue during the Romantic period, and each poem counters the other to give them both a more multidimensional perspective on the consequences and benefits of preserving childhood and duty.

The Role of the Narrator in Blood Brothers Essay -- Blood Brothers Nar

The Role of the Narrator in Blood Brothers The play, Blood Brothers, written by Willy Russell, is a very interesting play. It is about a mother with seven children and twins nearly due. Her employer cannot have kids and the mother is worried about financial support for her self and children(((((did they have child support in 1986)))))))), she has trouble supporting seven as it is never mind eight, but nine is too much for her. She gives one of them away to her employer. Before the twins are born they makes a pack that the two boys will never know the truth and they will be kept apart. She gives one of her new babies to her employer. The boys do meet and become ‘Blood Brothers’ at the age of seven. They were friends until they were adults, until they found out the truth, that they were real brothers, they were twins, which leads to their tragic death. The play is mainly about the two boys, but it is also about how poverty, single painting, education, and discipline can effect an upbringing of a child and how it effect them when they are older in what type of lifestyle they live in. Willy Russell wanted this play to be different to all of the anther basic plays, the wanted his to have a reality to it, he wanted the audience to be thinking what actually was meant by a scent while still watching the play, he wanted the audience to always be thinking about the pla and what is going to happen next. Russell’s aim was achieved by the character that he put to take part in certain times of the play, this character wasn’t a normal character, and this character was the narrator. He is so different to any other character in the play because he is a non-character, he commentates on action rather thanpartici... ...ew pins, How one was kept how one was giving away They were born and they died on the self same day.† When the audience hears the beat to the speech they pay more attention to it and become more active with the play. Some times when the narrator speaks to the audience, he is commenting on a character. â€Å"Then bring her on, come let see The author of such cruelty And judge for ourselves this terrible sin Bring on the mother and let the story begin† The narrator again is speaking in a poetic form. When he has said this about a character he automatically sets the next scene and also again sets the audience in a peculiar mood. The mood the narrator wants the audience to be in is a judgmental one, when in the quote; he is inviting the audience to judge the character. When inviting the audience, he is making the audience active in the play.

Essay examples --

Introduction This article discusses the comparison between archives and records system in South Africa and Botswana. In this study, they used the best approach to draw conclusions and make recommendations in both archives. They have been doing research on both the archive and collect data from the questionnaire. In the survey, found that achieve found in their country are not recognized and have a very weak system insufficient staff. Government does not care about these archives. They also, lack of funds and infrastructure not strong. Leaders there also overlooked in this matter. They just take this trivial. South Africa and Botswana have freedom in care of the problem. This task is only given to the subordinates to run. This study aims to suggest the best way to protect the archive. They are to reveal all the goodness in charge of the National archives. They also want to guide the two countries in maintaining and managing the archive with a more efficient way. They also want to share ways to evaluate existing records in the archives for future generations. Maybe the record will be useful for all future generations. This article is first issued to compare the situation of archives in south africa and bostwana. Authors of this article hope this article can help employees make the best archives in the evaluation record. Objectives The purpose of this article is published to study the performance of records management between the two nations of South Africa and Botswana. The main goal of this article is to review the archives they are upgraded or left alone so. Second, they want to discuss about the structural in building and their placement in the archive records. Third, a guide to the records to keep records in the archiv... ... both countries, namely South Africa and Botswana should be independent and reports directly to Parliament when there is a problem. This will bring greater recognition and support that they need to be more proactive in its role. In public opinion, the archives in South Africa should be moved to the prime minister's office because it has wide powers. Skilled workforce also plays a vital role in developing all the things in all the activities in the archives. To get skilled staff, both countries should provide adequate facilities to its employees rather they are interested in making the work. Furthermore, the government should retain skilled staff rather mandate in the archive does not fall to normal. Government should sacrifice a little reward for skilled staff. The government should also take archivist from outside to teach staffs were unclear on the archive system.

Personal Philosophy Project An Idealist in a Career

Goodness Is an Ideal state, something to be striver for. Idealism would favor schools teaching subjects of the mind, such as Is found In most public school classrooms. Teachers, for the Idealist, would be models of Ideal behavior. For Idealists, the schools' function Is to sharpen Intellectual processes, to present the wisdom of the ages, and to present models of behavior that are exemplary. Students In such schools would have a somewhat passive role, receiving and memorizing the reporting of the teacher.Change In the school program would generally be considered an Intrusion on the orderly process of educating (http://guardhouses. Roll. Deed/leaders/philosophies. HTML). There are as many characteristics of an Idealist as there are websites to quote from, so I thought It best to outline my philosophy with direct responses to the ten categories. Please see the attached matrix as I outline my CITE classroom. In short, I find myself supporting traditions while developing new approaches t o promote the learning process.Consistently providing an environment of academics, media, technology to best repaper my students for the workplace of tomorrow. Personal Philosophy Project An Idealist in a Career and Technical World By masher to the philosophy of Idealism. Idealism is a philosophy that espouses the refined wisdom of men and women. Reality is seen as a world within a person's mind. Truth is to be found in the consistency of ideas. Goodness is an ideal state, something to be striver for. Idealism would favor schools teaching subjects of the mind, such as is found in most public school classrooms.Teachers, for the idealist, would be models of ideal behavior. For idealists, the schools' function is to sharpen intellectual are exemplary. Students in such schools would have a somewhat passive role, receiving and memorizing the reporting of the teacher. Change in the school program would generally be considered an intrusion on the orderly process of educating (http://guardh ouses. ROI. Deed/leaders/philosophies. HTML). There are as many characteristics of an idealist as there are websites to quote from, so I thought it best

AIDS Case Study Essay

Client Profile: Mr. Thomas is a 42 year old man admitted to the hospital with complaints of shortness of breath, fever, fatigue and oral thrush. The health care provider reviews the laboratory and diagnostic tests with Mr. Thomas and informs him he has pneumonia and is HIV positive. Mr. Thomas believes that he contracted HIV while involved in an affair with another woman three years ago. He is afraid to tell his wife, knowing she will be angry and that she may leave him. Case Study: The nurse assigned to care for Mr. Thomas reads in the medical record (chart) that he learned two days ago he was HIV positive. There is a note in the record that indicates that Mr. Thomas has not told his wife the diagnosis. To complete a functional health pattern assessment, the nurse asks Mr. Thomas if he may ask him a few questions. Mr. Thomas is willing and in the course of their conversation shares with the nurse that he believes that he contracted the HIV during an affair with another woman. He states, â€Å"How can I tell my wife about this? I am so ashamed. It is bad enough that I had an affair, but to have to tell her in this way – I just don’t think I can. She is not sick at all. I will just say I have pneumonia and take the medication my health care provider gave me. I do not want my wife of anyone else to know. If she begins to show signs of not feeling well, then I will tell her. I just can’t tell anyone. What will people think of me if they know I have AIDS?† 1. Briefly discuss how the HIV is transmitted and how it is not. How can Mr. Thomas prevent the transmission of HIV to his wife and others? In infected people, infectious HIV is present only in cells and in some bodily fluids. HIV can be isolated easily from blood, semen and vaginal/cervical secretions (including menstrual fluids). Blood and semen are the cells that are most likely to carry HIV. HIV has also been isolated from breast milk. With much greater difficulty, the virus has on occasion, been isolated from saliva, tears, and urine. It is has not been isolated from perspiration or feces. The current scientific view is that body fluids other than blood, semen, vaginal/cervical secretions, and breast  milk, contain so little, if any, HIV that they are not of major importance in HIV transmission between individuals. HIV is very fragile outside of the body, so transmission requires direct contact of two substances, fluid containing the HIV from an infected person and susceptible cells (usually via the blood stream) of another person. Casual contact includes all types of ordinary every day, non-sexual contact between and among people. Shaking hands, hugging, kissing, sharing eating utensils, sharing towels or napkins, using the same phone and using a toilet seat are all examples of casual contact. Because HIV is quickly inactive outside the body, it cannot survive in open air or in water. (1) Methods that Mr. Thomas can transmit HIV to his wife and others would be any type of blood transmission or intimate sexual contact. Epidemiological data points to three modes of HIV transmission from person to person: from blood, from birth, and from sex. Since Mr. Thomas is male we can cross out birth. Mr. Thomas can prevent transmission of HIV to his wife and others by only engaging in sexual activity with a condom, and even then there is a risk of the condom breaking and then being careful with any types of cuts, open wounds, and contact with others and his own blood. 2. Mr. Thomas stated, â€Å"What will people think of me if they know I have AIDS?† How can the nurse explain the difference between being HIV positive and having AIDS? The nurse can explain n that Mr. Thomas does not have AIDS. AIDs are a complication once the immune system can no longer handle fighting the HIV infection. HIV is the actual infection itself, AIDS is what happens once the immune system is compromised leading the way to other infections that may not affect a normal healthy adult or child, but become life threatening to a person with AID’s. This is caused by the weakened immune systems inability to fight off any infection. 3. Discuss the ethical dilemmas inherent in this case. HIV disclosure is defined as a ‘complex and multifaceted process of making a voluntary or involuntary decision about whom to inform about one’s status,  why, when, where and how’ . This is particularly challenging when it comes to informing patients’ sexual partners, also referred to as partner notification. The three approaches to partner notification include: i) source referral, whereby the health care provider encourages the patients to alert their partners themselves; ii) provider referral, whereby the health care provider notifies the partners with the consent of the patients while respecting the patients’ confidentiality; and iii) conditional referral, whereby the patients in agreement with the health care provider are supposed to inform their partners within a given time frame otherwise the health care provider will do so (but without revealing the patients’ identity)(2) 4. Does the health care provider have a legal obligation to tell anyone other than Mr. Thomas that he is HIV positive? If so, discuss. Legally, the nurse can’t tell anyone. â€Å"In court notifying an HIV-positive patient’s partner can be argued in terms of breaching professional ethics because ethically it is wrong to disclose your patient’s result or diagnosis to third parties without that individual’s consent.† 5. Any loss, such as loss of one’s health, results in a grief response. Describe the stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross. Denial: â€Å"This cannot happen to me!† Anger: â€Å"Why did this happen to me? Who’s to blame for this?† Bargaining: â€Å"Just let me live, and I’ll do anything† Depression: â€Å"I am too sad to do anything† Acceptance: â€Å"I’m at peace with what is coming†. 6. Discuss which stage of grief Mr. Thomas is most likely experiencing. Provide examples of Mr. Thomas’s behavior that support your decision. I believe that Mr. Thomas is experiencing both denial and anger. In denial, he recognizes that this is indeed happening to him but he does not want his wife to know and that is his refusal to accept what is going on. The anger portion comes from him blaming his affair for it happening in which sense he blames both himself and the woman he had the affair with. 7. What laboratory tests are used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection in an adult? HIV is most commonly diagnosed by testing your blood or saliva for the presence of antibodies to the virus. A newer type of test checks for HIV antigen, a protein produced by the virus immediately after infection. 8. Discuss the function of CD4 T cells and provide an example of how the CD4 t cell count guides the management of HIV. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that’s specifically targeted and destroyed by HIV. A healthy person’s CD4 count can vary from 500 to more than 1,000. Even if a person has no symptoms, HIV infection progresses to AIDS when his or her CD4 count becomes less than 200. (3) 9. Briefly explain the purpose of viral load blood tests in monitoring the progression of HIV. The viral load test measures the amount of virus in your blood. Studies have shown that people with higher viral loads generally fare more poorly than do those with a lower viral load.(3) 10. Mr. Thomas expresses a readiness to learn more about HIV. Discuss the nurse’s initial intervention when beginning client teaching and then discuss the progression of the HIV disease, including an explanation of primary infection, A, B, and C and four main types of opportunistic infections. There are different stages of HIV infection. Primary HIV infection can show symptoms that can be confused as the flu. These symptoms can last for a couple days to a few weeks and then disappear. Stage 2 is an asymptomatic stage meaning that the patient probably shows little to no symptoms. â€Å"This stage lasts for an average of ten years and, as its name suggests, is free from major symptoms, although there may be swollen glands. The level of HIV in the peripheral blood drops to very low levels but people remain infectious and HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood, so antibody tests will show a positive result. Research has shown that HIV is not dormant  during this stage, but is very active in the lymph nodes. A test is available to measure the small amount of HIV that escapes the lymph nodes. This test which measures HIV RNA (HIV genetic material) is referred to as the viral load test, and it has an important role in the treatment of HIV infection.† (4) Stage 3 is symptomatic HIV characterized by lymph nodes and tissues becoming permanently damaged and the virus beginning to mutate to AIDs due to the inability of the body keeping up with helper T cell rebuilding as the HIV virus kills off the helper T cells. Stage 4 is progression of HIV to AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when any condition listed in clinical stage 4 is diagnosed and/or the CD4 count is less than 200 cells/mm3 or a CD4 percentage less than 15. (4) The ABC’s of HIV are: Abstinence for youth, including the delay of sexual debut and abstinence until marriage Being tested for HIV and being faithful in marriage and monogamous relationships Correct and consistent use of condoms for those who practice high-risk behaviours (4) The CDC has listed 24 types of opportunistic infections regarding HIV. As his nurse I would make sure Mr. Thomas had the information regarding all 24, but I would clarify on the 4 main ones since he is already exhibiting symptoms of those. Four main types of opportunistic infections in regards to HIV are: â€Å"Thrush: fungal infection of the mouth, throat, or vagina. Herpes simplex virus: can cause oral herpes (cold sores) or genital herpes. This is a fairly common infection but if you have HIV, the outbreaks can be much more frequent and more severe. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC or MAI) – a bacterial infection that can cause recurring fevers, general sick feelings, problems with digestion, and serious weight loss Pneumo cystis pneumonia (PCP) – a fungal infection that can cause a fatal pneumonia.† (6) 11. Following the nurse’s teaching, Mr. Thomas states, â€Å"How stupid I was to have that affair. Not only could it ruin my marriage, but it gave me a death sentence.† Share with Mr. Thomas what you know about long-term survivors, long-term non-progressors, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV carriers can carry the virus for a decade showing little to no symptoms. There are many different types of maintenance drug therapies to alleviate symptoms, and reduce the rate of progression. Antiretroviral therapy can help stall the progression of the disease, however, discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy may result in viral rebound, immune decomposition, and clinical progression of HIV. Interruption of HAART is not recommended (7). With HAART, patients who have had a positive HIV test have gone as long as 30 years with little to no symptoms and no progression of AIDS (6). HAART is defined as a drug regimen to achieve sustained viral suppression. Simplified treatment regimens and decreasing the number of medications that patients have to take each day has proven effective in patient’s adherence to their treatment. Drug companies are constantly finding new ways to combine the inhibitors into 2-3 medications versus the extensive treatment regimens originally used. Overall adherence rates are still only 30-50% in the US, so I would recommend ex tensive follow up with Mr. Thomas and his health care providers to increase his adherence. 12. Discuss how the nurse should respond if Mr. Thomas’s wife approaches him in the hall and asks, â€Å"Did the test results come back yet? Do you know what is wrong with my husband?† The nurse must tell Mr. Thomas’s wife that she cannot discuss Mr. Thomas’s medical condition with her and that she must ask Mr. Thomas himself. Legally and ethically, the nurse cannot give Mr. Thomas’s wife any information regarding his condition and diagnosis if Mr. Thomas has specifically asked for no information to be disclosed, which he has. 13. List five possible nursing diagnoses appropriate to consider for Mr. Thomas. I chose these 5 for where Mr. Thomas is related to his disease at this time. 1. Deficient knowledge related to HIV infection, means of preventing HIV transmission, and self-care 2. Risk for infection related to immunodeficiency. 3. Activity intolerance related to weakness, fatigue, malnutrition, impaired fluid and electrolyte balance and hypoxia associated with pulmonary infections. 4. Social isolation related to stigma of disease, withdrawal of support systems, isolation procedures, and fear of infecting others. 5. Anticipatory grieving related t changes in lifestyle and roles and unfavorable prognosis References 1) Conner, Ross F., & Fan, Hung Y., & Vilarreal, Luis P. Aids, Science and Society, Sixth Edition, 2011, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC 2) http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/11/6 3) www.mayoclinic.com 4) www.avert.org 5) www.cdc.org 6) www.aids.org 7) Smeltzer, Suzanne C., & Hinkle, Janice L., & Bare, Brenda G., & Cheever, Kerry H. Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, (2010), Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins